I've encountered grade2 in UK museums and as someone not native and not trained on it, reading the braille is an exercise in cryptography. At least it saves lots of paper.
In case you think Braille is old tech from the paper books era, you should check out a modern refreshable Braille display connected to smartphone or laptop. They're feats of engineering that work hand in hand with screen readers to make content readable to blind and low vision people, and others who use them. The screen reader gets its data from the OS and apps and outputs that as either audio announcements, speech, or as Braille for a refreshable display. Single line displays are often 40 to 80 cells wide, each cell a little set of servo-controlled pins that pop up and down to form the Braille characters, but popular displays can also be had as short as 12 characters and others are multi-line slabs. Braille reading is a super power and more people should learn.
> but popular displays can also be had as short as 12 characters
Worth noting that this is because refreshable braille cells are really expensive to build, not because people necessarily want to be limited to such a short window of text. The Orbit Reader 20 (20 columns) is $800 and that's considered a "low cost" option.
Agreed. You can get an 2nd hand Orbit Reader for a couple hundred dollars if you search around. There's no substitute for a device which allows you to read the language as it was intended - tactically.
I personally use a Brailliant which has a 40-cell braille display. It's portable so you can load a bunch of BRF books on it and read on the go - and unlike other portable eReaders doesn't suffer from screen glare in the bright sun. :)
They’re really cool and some people depend on them but working on apps which rely on them has had me thinking about e-waste and cost. Some people have devices which are old but still perfectly functional except that they’re falling out of driver & security support, and many blind people don’t have tons of cash sitting around to replace them. I really hope that the tech industry finds a better model for things like that which are so important to everyday life.
Tangentially related, but I built a Chrome/Firefox extension a while back that converts random words on a webpage as you browse into braille, ASL, Kana, etc.
So if you're ever interested in practicing Grade I Braille in the most functionally useless fashion (by reading it visually) feel free to check it out.
Unified English Braille which has replaced the older English Braille American Edition uses a lot of "contractions" ('ea', 'be', etc.), shortform words which are combinations of braille (like the braille for 'ab' which can mean 'about'), and wordsigns ('k' for 'knowledge', etc.) in the Grade II forms.
Grade I Braille is closer to what you thinking of.
It's kind of like when you first start studying American Sign Language and realize that a lot of the grammatical structure comes from French Sign Language.
It looks like "250 letters" would be better described as something like "250 characters." Since it goes on to show patterns for numbers, punctuation, short-hand for some words, common prefixes and suffixes, etc. I wouldn't consider these to be "letters" in the English alphabet.
I've encountered grade2 in UK museums and as someone not native and not trained on it, reading the braille is an exercise in cryptography. At least it saves lots of paper.
In case you think Braille is old tech from the paper books era, you should check out a modern refreshable Braille display connected to smartphone or laptop. They're feats of engineering that work hand in hand with screen readers to make content readable to blind and low vision people, and others who use them. The screen reader gets its data from the OS and apps and outputs that as either audio announcements, speech, or as Braille for a refreshable display. Single line displays are often 40 to 80 cells wide, each cell a little set of servo-controlled pins that pop up and down to form the Braille characters, but popular displays can also be had as short as 12 characters and others are multi-line slabs. Braille reading is a super power and more people should learn.
> but popular displays can also be had as short as 12 characters
Worth noting that this is because refreshable braille cells are really expensive to build, not because people necessarily want to be limited to such a short window of text. The Orbit Reader 20 (20 columns) is $800 and that's considered a "low cost" option.
Agreed. You can get an 2nd hand Orbit Reader for a couple hundred dollars if you search around. There's no substitute for a device which allows you to read the language as it was intended - tactically.
I personally use a Brailliant which has a 40-cell braille display. It's portable so you can load a bunch of BRF books on it and read on the go - and unlike other portable eReaders doesn't suffer from screen glare in the bright sun. :)
They’re really cool and some people depend on them but working on apps which rely on them has had me thinking about e-waste and cost. Some people have devices which are old but still perfectly functional except that they’re falling out of driver & security support, and many blind people don’t have tons of cash sitting around to replace them. I really hope that the tech industry finds a better model for things like that which are so important to everyday life.
Tangentially related, but I built a Chrome/Firefox extension a while back that converts random words on a webpage as you browse into braille, ASL, Kana, etc.
So if you're ever interested in practicing Grade I Braille in the most functionally useless fashion (by reading it visually) feel free to check it out.
It's also completely open-source.
https://mordenstar.com/projects/glyphshift
https://github.com/scpedicini/glyph-shift
> English Braille [...] consists of around 250 letters
That is fascinating! I always assumed it had the same number of letters as normal written English.
It is surprising!
Unified English Braille which has replaced the older English Braille American Edition uses a lot of "contractions" ('ea', 'be', etc.), shortform words which are combinations of braille (like the braille for 'ab' which can mean 'about'), and wordsigns ('k' for 'knowledge', etc.) in the Grade II forms.
Grade I Braille is closer to what you thinking of.
It's kind of like when you first start studying American Sign Language and realize that a lot of the grammatical structure comes from French Sign Language.
It looks like "250 letters" would be better described as something like "250 characters." Since it goes on to show patterns for numbers, punctuation, short-hand for some words, common prefixes and suffixes, etc. I wouldn't consider these to be "letters" in the English alphabet.